In yeast, autophagy is an essential process for survival during nutrient starvation and cell differentiation. The process of autophagy is characterized as a non-selective degradation of cytoplasmic proteins into membrane stuctures called autophagosomes, and it is dependent on several proteins, including the autophagy proteins APG5 and APG7. Yeast Apg7 and the human homolog, APG7, share similarities with the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and are likewise respons