CXCL10, also known as interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa （IP-10）, is a cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It exerts its biological effects by binding to the CXCR3 receptor and plays a crucial role in immune responses. CXCL10 is a pleiotropic molecule with diverse functions, including promoting the chemotaxis of CXCR3+ cells, inducing apoptosis, regulating cell growth and proliferation, and modulating angiogenesis in infectious diseases, inflammation, and cancer. It is primarily produced by various cell types in response to IFN-γ and is involved in activating T lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. Elevated levels of CXCL10 are associated with several pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and tumor development.