Mouse IFN-γ, or Interferon-gamma, is a crucial cytokine primarily produced by natural killer （NK） cells and T lymphocytes, particularly Th1 cells and cytotoxic T cells. It plays a pivotal role in the immune response, acting as a key mediator in both innate and adaptive immunity. IFN-γ is known for its potent antiviral, immunoregulatory, and anti-tumor properties. It enhances the presentation of antigens by upregulating major histocompatibility complex （MHC） class I and II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, thereby facilitating a more robust immune response. Additionally, IFN-γ activates macrophages, increasing their ability to phagocytose and destroy pathogens. It also promotes the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells, further amplifying the immune response. In research, mouse IFN-γ is widely used to study immune responses, inflammatory diseases, and host-pathogen interactions, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of immune regulation and potential therapeutic strategies.